Author: AK

Having a wonderful time exploring tangents life throws at me.
Posted on

African Dwarf Frog

The Origins of the African Dwarf Frog

African dwarf frogs were first discovered in rivers, streams, puddles, and shallow ponds in various regions throughout Central Africa in the late 19th century. They are members of the Hymenochirus genus of aquatic frog species and are easily confused in appearance with the other frog species in their group, the African clawed frogs. While these fully aquatic amphibians both belong to the Pipidae family and may appear to look similar, they do have different physical and behavioral traits, which are important for beginner African dwarf frog owners to identify prior to adoption.

Identifying Male and Female African Dwarf Frogs

There are several distinct features that make it easy to identify male and female African dwarf frogs. Male African dwarf frogs are typically smaller in size as they mature, develop small glands behind their front legs called post-axillary subdermal glands, have a small tail, and “buzz” quite loud when they are excited or trying to attract their mates. Females are typically larger in size with pear-shape bodies as they mature, develop longer tails, and aren’t known to buzz. When the males buzz, it is typically at night when they are most active. African dwarf frogs are nocturnal. In the wild, they hunt for food at night and rest during the day.

Choosing The Right Aquarium For Your African Dwarf Frog

The size of your aquarium will depend on how many African dwarf frogs you would like to raise. Since they are very small frogs and only grow to a maximum of 3 inches, a 2.5-gallon aquarium is recommended for housing one African dwarf frog. A 5-gallon aquarium is recommended for housing two, and a 10- to 20-gallon aquarium is recommended for more than two. Although African dwarf frogs are fully aquatic, they have lungs and need to rise to the surface of the water frequently for air. Their webbed feet make it difficult for them to swim in deep water. Avoid placing them in aquariums that are more than 12 inches deep. If their aquarium is too deep, they will struggle to reach the top for air and drown.

Setting Up Your African Dwarf Frog Aquarium

As with all herps, maintaining a proper living environment for your African dwarf frog is key to preventing stress, disease and a shortened life. The following tips for properly setting up and maintaining their living space are highly recommended:

  • Maintain water temperatures between 72-78 degrees Fahrenheit. The water should be similar temperatures to the African dwarf frog’s native habitat in Africa. A submersible heater and a digital thermometer are essential for maintaining these temperatures.
  • Maintain PH levels between 6.5 – 7.8. These levels can be monitored regularly using PH testing kits.
  • Use large aquarium gravel to cover the bottom of the tank. Gravel comes in different sizes and colors. If the grains are too small, the frogs can accidentally consume it and have a difficult time digesting it. This could lead to impaction and can be fatal. Sand is another option for substrate. It is recommended that a substrate be used in any aquarium, but some African dwarf frog keepers opt out of using substrate in fear of their frogs consuming it. It is a personal choice, but substrates make it easier to secure live and artificial plant decorations in the aquarium.
  • Always secure the aquarium with a lid. African dwarf frogs spend their whole lives underwater and are not capable of surviving on dry land for more than 15-20 minutes. If they escape, their skin will dry out and they will not survive. Be mindful that African dwarf frogs require oxygen at the water’s surface, so it is best to use a screen lid. If you use a solid lid, make sure it remains open a crack so that your frog can access air to breathe.
  • Avoid the use of large filters. African dwarf frogs are very sensitive to noise and they don’t have ears. They use the lateral lines on their bodies to sense vibrations. Large filters can induce stress and sickness. These frogs also prefer motionless water, so make sure the filters don’t cause strong water currents in the aquarium. An under-gravel filter is recommended. Always check with an aquarium specialist online or in store if you are uncertain. If the aquarium is small and maintained regularly, African dwarf frogs can do just fine without one.
  • Provide 10-12 hours of aquarium lighting daily. African dwarf frogs are nocturnal and require a regular day and night cycle. They don’t need UVB lighting like many reptile and amphibian species do. A basic LED hood light is sufficient. Avoid placing the aquarium in a room without windows. Rooms with natural sunlight will work just fine too.
  • Use filtered water in the aquarium. Raw water contains harmful chemicals such as chloramine and fluoride that can be toxic to all aquatic species. If you use tap water, be sure to treat it with anti-bacterial supplements and water conditioners prior to placing the African dwarf frog back in. Avoid the use of soap to clean the aquariums. Soap can leave residue in the aquarium and make the frogs sick.
  • Perform water changes bi-weekly. It is best to change at least 10-25% of the water every 2-4 weeks. If a filter is not being used, then it is best to change the water at least once a week. Frogs shed and can be messy eaters. Avoid performing full water changes. This could cause stress and fatally shock African dwarf frogs.
  • Avoid aquarium décor that is sharp and toxic. African dwarf frogs are hunted in the wild and require places where they can hide out in such as caves or logs. African dwarf frogs do well with artificial or real plants, but plants with sharp edges can tear at the frog’s skin. Some wood décor can contain harmful toxins that increase PH levels in the water. Always check with an aquatic specialist online or in store if you’re uncertain about which decorations to use.

Foods To Feed Your African Dwarf Frog

An African dwarf frog’s diet should contain a high protein and well-balanced selection of food consisting of specialized aquatic frog sinking pellets, freeze dried bloodworms, frozen brine shrimp, daphnia, and live blackworms. African dwarf frogs have poor vision and rely on their sense of smell and touch to eat. They have no tongues or teeth to help them chew, so the food that they consume should be cut up in small pieces and fed to them in small portions.

Source: https://reptilesmagazine.com/caring-for-the-african-dwarf-frog/

Posted on

Chili Rasboras

Geographic distribution

This species is endemic to South East Asia, particularly to the Borneo island. Known to be located in the Indonesian province of Kalimantan Selatan, the Mosquito rasbora’s natural habitat consists of rivers, black water streams and swamps.

These bodies of water are usually tinted dark brown due to the tannins released from decaying organic matter like leaves, twigs and tree branches. This process gives the water an acidic property with a pH value as low as 4.0.

The fish thrives in densely vegetated areas and prefers a dimly lit environment, giving its shy behavior. In order for it to feel safe and comfortable in your home aquarium, you should try to replicate these conditions as much as possible.

Description

With its distinctive colors and pattern, the Mosquito rasbora displays an orange-red body color with a brown-black mid lateral stripe and a dark spot at the base of the caudal fin.

Behaviour

Because of its shy nature and very small size, this fish is not suitable for community tanks. You either keep it alone or with other small and peaceful fish like Strawberry rasbora or the Least rasbora.

Mosquito rasbora are a shoaling species and so it should be kept in groups of at least 10 members. Doing so will make them more comfortable in the aquarium environment.

Diet

In its natural habitat, the Mosquito rasbora is an avid micropredator, feeding on zooplankton, worms, small insects and crustaceans.

While not a picky eater, make sure to provide the Mosquito rasbora with a varied diet. Beside staple dried foods like flakes and pellets, the fish will reach its optimal form only if you feed it live food such as Tubifex, Artemia and microworms, on a regular basis.

Chopped-up bloodworms are also an option as long as the pieces are small enough for the fish to easily consume.

Feed once or twice a day and make sure the food is eaten in a short period of time, around 3-5 minutes as leftovers will usually reach the bottom and spoil the aquarium water.

Reproduction

Mosquito rasbora males are slimmer and slightly smaller than females. They also display brighter colors: dark red and black highlight on fins. This is especially observed when they’re in breeding form. They will compete with each other for female attention, becoming more aggresive and territorial. The dominant males in the group will also showcase a deeper red.

Females are bulkier and not as intensely colored. When they carry eggs you can easily notice their bellies becoming more round.

Upon reaching sexual maturity, they will lay eggs almost daily. The parents will attempt to eat the eggs if they spot them so it’s best to remove the pair once the spawning process is over.

If your goal is to keep as many fry as possible then the best approach is to separate the breeding fish into a smaller tank (10-20 liters). Add heavy vegetation to the tank. Java moss or any other kind of aquatic moss works best for this purpose.

Keep a small air-powered sponge filter to maintain water quality in the breeding tank. The temperature should be slightly higher than usual, around 27 – 28°C. If you want, you can condition the fish a couple of days prior the spawning, by feeding them quality fresh live foods.

Once the eggs are laid and fertilised, remove the adult fish from the breeding tank. After 24 hours the eggs will hatch and the fry will live off of their yolk sacs. Feed them infusoria and freshly hatched Artemia after another 24 hours.

Source: https://aquascapinglove.com/tropical-fish/boraras-brigittae/

Posted on

Patent & Produce

Steps to Obtain a Patent:

  1. Research and Prior Art Search:
    • Conduct a thorough search to ensure your idea is unique and hasn’t been patented before. This step is crucial to avoid wasting time and resources on something that may not be patentable.
  2. Document Your Invention:
    • Keep detailed records of your invention, including sketches, descriptions, and any relevant data. This documentation will be crucial during the patent application process.
  3. Consult with a Patent Attorney:
    • Hire a patent attorney or agent to help you navigate the legal complexities of the patent system. They can provide guidance on the patentability of your idea and help with the application process.
  4. File a Patent Application:
    • Prepare and file a patent application with the relevant patent office. In the United States, this is the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The application should include a detailed description of your invention, claims, and any necessary drawings.
  5. Patent Examination:
    • The patent office will review your application to ensure it meets the necessary criteria. This process may involve correspondence with the patent examiner to address any issues or questions.
  6. Obtain a Patent Grant:
    • If your application is approved, you will receive a patent grant. This grants you exclusive rights to your invention for a specified period, typically 20 years from the filing date.

Steps to Market Your Patented Product:

  1. Develop a Business Plan:
    • Outline your business goals, target market, competition, and marketing strategy. A solid business plan will guide your efforts and attract potential investors or partners.
  2. Build a Prototype:
    • Create a working prototype of your product. This not only helps in testing and refining your idea but also serves as a visual representation for potential investors or customers.
  3. Protect Your Intellectual Property:
    • Use trademarks, copyrights, and any other appropriate means to protect the intellectual property associated with your product, beyond just the patent.
  4. Market Research:
    • Understand your target market and customer needs. Identify the unique selling points of your product and how it stands out from competitors.
  5. Create a Brand Identity:
    • Develop a strong brand identity, including a compelling name, logo, and messaging. This will help differentiate your product in the market.
  6. Marketing and Sales Strategy:
    • Implement a comprehensive marketing and sales strategy. Utilize digital and traditional marketing channels to reach your target audience.
  7. Distribution and Sales Channels:
    • Determine the best distribution channels for your product. Consider partnerships, online sales, retail, or a combination of these, depending on your target market.
  8. Feedback and Iteration:
    • Gather feedback from customers and use it to improve your product. Continuous improvement is essential for long-term success.
  9. Scaling:
    • If your product gains traction, consider scaling up production and expanding your market reach. This might involve securing additional funding or partnerships.
  10. Legal Compliance:
    • Ensure that your product complies with all relevant laws and regulations, including safety standards and labeling requirements.

Remember, this is a simplified overview, and the specifics can vary based on your location and the nature of your invention. Consulting with professionals, such as a patent attorney and business experts, is highly recommended throughout the process.

Conduct Patent Search:

Performing a patent search based on a product description involves looking for existing patents that may be related to your idea. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how you can conduct a patent search using a product description:

  1. Gather Detailed Product Description:
    • Clearly articulate the features, functions, and unique aspects of your product. This description will be the basis for your search.
  2. Use Online Patent Databases:
    • Utilize online patent databases provided by patent offices around the world. The most commonly used database is the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. Other databases include the European Patent Office (EPO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and others depending on your target market.
  3. Access Patent Search Tools:
    • Use patent search tools available on these platforms. Many patent offices offer free online tools to search their databases. The tools typically allow you to search for patents based on keywords, classifications, and other criteria.
  4. Keyword Search:
    • Enter relevant keywords from your product description into the search bar. Be specific and use terms that describe the unique aspects of your invention.
  5. Classifications and Codes:
    • Familiarize yourself with patent classifications and codes. Patents are categorized based on their subject matter. Use these classifications to narrow down your search and find patents in specific technology areas.
  6. Advanced Search Filters:
    • Use advanced search filters provided by the patent databases. These filters may include options to search by publication date, inventor name, assignee, and more. Refining your search can help you find more relevant results.
  7. Analyze Search Results:
    • Review the search results and examine the patents that seem closely related to your product description. Pay attention to the claims section, as this defines the specific aspects of the invention that are protected.
  8. Check for Similarities:
    • Compare the features of the patents you find with your product description. Note any similarities or differences. If you find a very similar patent, it may impact the patentability of your idea.
  9. International Patents:
    • If your product has a global market, consider searching international patent databases. The WIPO’s PatentScope database is a good resource for searching international patent applications.
  10. Consult with a Patent Attorney:
    • If you’re unsure about the results or need professional advice, consider consulting with a patent attorney. They can provide insights into the patent landscape and help you interpret the search results.

Remember that patent searching can be complex, and the language used in patents may differ from everyday language. If you are not familiar with the patent system, seeking professional assistance is advisable to ensure a thorough and accurate search.

Posted on

Flooring Layers

Asked Michelle what the goat barn should rest on. She said most people do bare earth—and then add mats and straw and such appropriately. However, during wet/rainy seasons (like now) there is mud everywhere! (Feb. 1, 2024)

Layers:

————rubber mats/straw————
(depending on season)
—————–DURA mats—————
(for comfort)
———slatted wood “trap” floor——
(liftable for cleaning)
————flat concrete pavers———-
(can power wash periodically)
(can lift if needed)
————#9 limestone gravel———–
(for drainage)
—————packed earth—————-

Posted on

Meeting Minutes

Notes I took during lunch meeting with Dr. Michelle Walker of TBI Goats

Goat Notes

Goat Notes PDF

Posted on

Modular Hogwire Fence w/ Gate

Dropbox link for access to construction details:

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/izf2e5qpie… or shoot and email to JKHartel3@gmail.com and I’ll send over the construction info.

Ready Seal Website: https://www.readyseal.com/

For this fence we used the Pecan stain.

The finish looks very much like a pecan shell. For 207 feet of this fence design I guesstimated 7 gallons for a single application, and we only used 6 gallons, leaving a gallon extra to do touch ups if necessary.

YouTube: Gator_Overland